Workshops
Workshop A: Synthesis, Production, Characterization, and Applications of
Nano-Sized Materials
Workshop B: Fabrication and Performance Characterization of Nano-Electronic
Devices
Workshop C: Instrumental Analysis and Imaging Nano-Sized Materials
Workshop A
Synthesis, Production, Characterization, and Applications of Nano-Sized
Materials
Instructors of Workshop A:
1) Mohammad Hossein Habibi (1 hour)
2) Dhirendra Bahadur (1 hour)
3) Jaleh Varshosaz (1 hour)
4) Arun Chattopdhyay (1 hour)
5) Ashok Ganguli (2 hours)
6) Hamid Reza Fallah (1 hour)
Abstracts of Workshop A:
Mohammad Hossein Habibi, habibi@chem.ui.ac.ir
Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, I. R. Iran
Nanostructure thin films of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), TiO2 and ZnO, were prepared on a glass substrate by electron beam vaporization, spin coating and dip coating process. The morphologies, phase structure and the optical properties of the thin films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical transmittance measurement which show that the metal oxide/glass films are formed by a layer of nano-sized particles with average diameter of 30-60 nm. The process from gel to crystalline film and the microstructure of the films were investigated by DTA-TG, XRD and SEM. The influence of preparation processes and annealing on the performance of the nanostructure thin films was also studied. Optical and photocatalytic properties of nanostructure thin films were investigated for different application.
Jaleh Varshosaz, varshosaz@pharm.mui.ac.ir
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I. R. Iran.
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are novel colloidal delivery systems with many therapeutic features, such as transdermal, ocular, oral, parenteral and brain drug delivery. They are able to improve oral bioavailability of drugs, to protect sensitive molecules from environment, and to control drug release. SLNs have been shown to condense DNA into nanometric colloidal particles capable of transfecting mammalian cells in vitro. SLNs consist of solid matrix and can be described as parenteral emulsions in which the liquid-lipid oil is replaced by a solid-lipid. Some of the proposed advantages of SLNs include: Possibility of targeted drug delivery; Increased drug stability; High drug pay load; Feasibility to incorporate lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs; No biotoxicity of the carrier; Avoidance of organic solvents; Possibility of large scale production and sterilization. The most important preparation methods are: high shear homogenization and ultrasound, high pressure homogenization, hot and cold homogenization, solvent emulsification/evaporation, solvent injection and dilution of microemulsions.
D. Bahadur, dhirenb@iitb.ac.in,
Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
Nano structured magnetic materials find applications in variety of areas ranging
from information technology to bio medical research. I shall present here some
aspects of our recent work in this area. Magnetic nano particulates ( MNPs) with
different shapes, composites, hybrids, core shell structure and magnetic fluids
have been prepared by various soft chemical methods. Such magnetic materials
with Curie temperature (Tc) between 42oC and 60oC, with sufficient
biocompatibility are the best candidates for effective treatment for cancer by
providing heat exploiting the hysteresis, Neel and Brownian losses such that
during therapy it acts as in vivo temperature control switch and thus over
heating could be avoided. We discuss here, a combined therapeutic approach, i.e
magnetic nano particulates based hyperthermia along with chemotherapy for more
effective therapy of cancer. For efficient delivery of magnetic nano paticulates
and drug to cancer tissue, magnetic fluid based release systems will be
discussed with different possibilities of thermosensitive and pH sensitive
polymers, gels and lipids. For the targeted and sustained delivery, some of our
recent results will be discussed. The mechanism of cell death during controlled
experimental conditions will be discussed. We will also address some diagnostic
issues using these magnetic nanoparticulates. For example, the advantage of
using these MNPs as contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging will be
brought about.
Arun Chattopadhyay, arun@iitg.ernet.in
Centre for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
The composites of nanoparticles (NPs) and polymers offer wider spectrum of
applications than either of the components. An important challenge to overcome
is to be able to generate the composite, where the distribution of NPs in the
polymer matrix is uniform and the phase separation is minimized. Our laboratory
endeavors in developing newer methods of generation of NP-polymer composite,
with particular emphasis on metal NPs and conducting polymers. The composites
could be generated in the solid state via gas solid reaction, in liquid media
using chemical reactions with minimum number of steps. They could also be
generated at the air-water interface or solid-liquid interface. The applications
of the newly generated materials include lithography in color for information
storage, enhancement of electrical conductivity of the polymer, chemical and
photochemical catalysis and chemical locomotion. In addition, we are working on
applications of the composites in the estimation of bacteria in a medium, in the
development of bactericides and in combining conventional anti-cancer therapy
with the newly developed NP or the composite for superior activity.
Ashok K Ganguli, ashok@chemistry.iitd.ac.in
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
We have developed processes by controlling the microemulsion parameters
(solvent, surfactant, cosurfactant and Wo parameter) to obtain uniform and
monophasic nanostructures of pure metals, metal carboxylates, metal oxides,
chalcogenides and borides [1-7]. These include nanomaterials having interesting,
optical, magnetic and dielectric properties. Our studies show that the bulkiness
of the solvent molecules leads to larger dimensions of the nanorods [5,6]. The
surface charge on the nanorods also plays an important role in the anisotropic
growth of the oxalate nanorods with diameters of 20-100 nm. In the case of
copper succinate [6] the rod –like structures are formed by an ordered assembly
of spherical particles of 4-5 nm which is facilitated by the hydrated water
molecules. We have also obtained various metal and alloy nanoparticles (5 - 7
nm) such as Co-Ni and Cu-Ni [7]. We have also obtained core-shell nanostructures
of the type, Ag@TiO2, CdS@TiO2 and ZnS@TiO2 have been stabilized using this
method and investigated their magnetic and optical properties [8,9]. Metastable
forms may be stabilized using microemulsions under ambient conditions as we show
in the case of aragonite and vaterite form of CaCO3 [10,11] and the fcc
structure of Co nanoparticles of 4 nm size [12]. Thus in this discussion the
versatility and precision of the microemulsion process will be highlighted.
Hamid R. Fallah, hfallah@sci.ui.ac.ir
Physics department, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, I. R. Iran
Quantum optics research group, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, I. R. Iran
Applications of optical thin films have been started in 1930s when vacuum technology has been improved enough to meet optical thin film demands. At that time, theory of multilayer films and high reflectance systems evolved. One of the main results of that period was the fabrication of the first all dielectric Fabry-Perrot etalon. Different types of filters, perfect mirrors, antireflection coatings, transparent conductive layers, and thin films for LEDs and solar cells technology are among the most important applications of optical thin films. Nanometeric thickness and nanocrystalline structure will have dramatic effects on the characteristics of these films. The influence of post growth thermal annealing on the nanostructure and surface morphology of these nanometer thin films is also very important. In this workshop the design process, deposition techniques such as electron beam evaporation, DC and RF magnetron sputtering, thermal evaporation and pulsed laser deposition are reviewed. Methods for controlling thickness in nanometer scale and the ways for optical and structural characterization of the deposited layers are also explained.
Workshop B
Fabrication and Performance Characterization of Nano-Electronic Devices
Instructors of Workshop B:
1) Ashutosh Sharma (2 hours)
2) Ajay Sood (1 hour)
3) Ramgopal Rao (2 hours)
4) Seyed Shamsoddin Mohajerzadeh (1 hours)
Abstracts of Workshop B:
A.K. Sood, asood@physics.iisc.ernet.in
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
Graphene – a two dimensional monolayer of Carbon atoms, is the most recent
addition to the family of low-dimensional carbon, namely one-dimensional
nanotubes and zero-dimensional fullerenes. After reviewing why graphene is so
exciting, we will focus on our on-going work on single and bilayer grahene, with
specific goals to understand phonons and Raman signatures of these systems [1].
The controlled doping of graphene is achieved by electrochemical top gated field
effect transistor using solid polymer electrolyte [2,3]. In-situ studies of
phonons in single and bilayer graphene as a function of doping provide us with a
measure of electron-phonon coupling in these systems. The results are
quantitatively explained using ab-initio calculations that take into account
effects beyond adiabatic approximation. An interesting comparison of graphene is
made with our recent work on doped single wall carbon nanotubes [4].
Ashutosh Sharma, ashutos@iitk.ac.in, www.iitk.ac.in/che/as.htm
Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016. India
This talk will summarize some of our recent results on novel meso-fabrication
techniques and the resultant functionalities and applications of micro/nano
carbon structures in environmental remediation, energy storage devices and
bio-MEMS. The major emphasis is to produce functional carbon structures and
interfaces with applications that range from MEMS, micro-batteries, tissue
scaffolds to the bulk-nano materials for optical and functional coatings, smart
adhesives, super-wetting and structural colors.
V. Ramgopal Rao, rrao@ee.iitb.ac.in, http://www.ee.iitb.ac.in/~rrao.
Electrical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India
Micro fabricated sensors based on the detection of nanomechanical motion are
known to be promising for biochemical sensing. The use of conventional silicon
based materials to fabricate microcantilevers could result in a lower
sensitivity and higher cost for the sensor depending on the Young’s modulus of
the structural material, the geometrical dimensions, as well as the process
complexity. UV patternable polymer materials such as SU-8 have a very low
Young’s modulus compared to the silicon (Si) based materials, are cheaper, and
show excellent promise as structural layers. In this presentation, we discuss
the progress made at IIT Bombay towards the development of a SU-8
microcantilever platform for biosensing applications. The three approaches
namely the optical, piezo-resistive (with polysilicon films as well as with
conductive nanoparticles dispersed in an epoxy matrix) and piezo-electric (based
on a novel multi-ferroic material synthesiszed at IIT Bombay) based cantilever
platforms employed for sensing biochemicals will be discussed.
Fabrication and Characterization of Nano-Material Field Emission Devices
Seyed-Shamsoddin Mohajerzadeh, mohajer@ut.ac.ir,
smohajer@tfl.ir
School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, I. R. Iran
Over the past few years we have been working on the realization of various devices using micro and nano-technology. The use of novel techniques in achieving nano-metric features has been promising, yet a solid lithography approach is needed to ensure a reproducible generation of such features. On the other hand successful fabrication and testing of micro-metric devices such as field effect transistors (MOSFET) and micro-machined structures have been essential to enter the field of nano-Electronics. Fabrication of MOSFET devices in both micrometer and sub-micrometer scale are discussed and the extension of the work towards nanometric transistors would be addressed. Also the use of carbon nanotubes as a medium between nano-technology and micro-Electronics and their applications in MEMS/NEMS are discussed.
Workshop C
Instrumental Analysis and Imaging Nano-Sized Materials
Instructors of Workshop C:
1) Dr. Reza Saaber, Medical University of Tehran, Imam Khomeini Hospital (1 hour)
2) Dr. Pirouz Marashi, Dept. of Mining and Metallurgy, Amir Kabir University,
Tehran (1 hour)
3) Dr. Masoud Ayatollahi Mehrgardi, University of Isfahan, (1 hour)
4) Indian Instructors (To be announced Later) (4 hours)
Plan for Workshop C:
Physical basis of the methods used for the analysis, imaging and
characterization of the nano-sized materials will be presented briefly in the
first part. These methods include SPM (AFM, MFM, STM, SNOM), VSM, SIMS, SEM and
TEM. In the second part, some practical aspects of these methods will be
presented. The workshop will be accomplished by carrying out experiments on some
real samples using available instruments in the University of Isfahan.
Abstracts of Workshop C:
Masoud Ayatollahi Mehrgardi
Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, I. R. Iran
m.mehrgardi@chem.ui.ac.ir, http://www.sci.ui.ac.ir/~m.mehrgardi.
SECM is an electrochemical scanning probe technique where the measured current is caused by an electrochemical reaction at the tip [1]. A SECM image is the combination of, basically, a sequence of tip scans in one direction (long travel direction) done at different successive positions in the other direction. If the tip is scanned in the x-y plane above the substrate, the surface topography can be imaged by recording the changing current (related to changes in d) vs. tip position in the x-y plane. With a substrate that has both conductive and insulating regions, the current response at a given d differs over the different regions [2]. One can also differentiate between these regions by modulating the tip in the z-direction with a sinusoidal voltage applied to the z piezo and noting the phase of the modulated tip current with respect to the modulated distance [3]. The characterization and imaging of single cells using SECM will be reviewed in this presentation. The technique of SECM is able to explore the flux and hence, concentration of a redox species by exploring the oxidation or the reduction current at a fixed distance (z) above the cell or cells. In an alternative iteration of SECM, scanning ion-conductance microscopy (SICM) has also been used in order to image living cells in aqueous environments, using a microcapillary in order to probe ion flux [4]. Also, I shall discuss on the construction of a real nanogap and its application in the detection of short lifetime intermediates, such as guanosine radical, in this talk. Using the SECM technique, a carbon nanofiber (CNF) tip can produce a gap that is smaller than 20 nm from a platinum disk. This method is very useful in the detection of short lifetime intermediates, which can be electrochemically generated at one electrode and collected at the second on the ns timescale [5].
1. A. J. Bard, F.-R. F. Fan, J. Kwak, O. Lev, Anal. Chem., 61, 132(1989).
2. A. J. Bard, L.R. Faulkner, “Electrochemical Methods: Fundamental and Applications” 2nd Edition, 2001, John Wiley, NewYork.
3. D. O. Wipf and A. J. Bard, Anal. Chem., 64, 1362 (1992).
4. A. J. Bard, M. Stratmann, “Encyclopedia of Electrochemistry, Bioelectrochemistry” Vol. 9, 2002, Wiley-VCH, Newyork.
5. R. Tel-Vered, D. A. Walsh, M. A. Mehrgardi, A. J. Bard, Anal. Chem., 78, 6959 (2006)
More detailed abstracts for this workshop will be available soon.